The spinal cord ends at the L1 level, where it divides into many different nerve roots that travel to the lower body and legs. Muscle structures of the back and its surrounding nerves. The spinal cord also transmits sensation and mobility in the body through interaction of ligaments, bones and Muscles and ligaments that move and stabilize the vertebrae attach to the transverse processes.Īll of the above elements of the spinal column and vertebrae protect the spinal cord, which provides communication to the brain. Two transverse processes stick out of the sides of each vertebra. Muscles and ligaments that move and stabilize the vertebrae attach to the spinous processes. The spinous process protrudes from the back of each vertebra. The articular facets are where two neighboring vertebrae attach. They are made of tough, elastic material that allows the spine to bend and twist naturally. Pedicles connect the lamina to the vertebral body.ĭiscs separate the vertebrae. The spinal cord sits in this channel formed by the lamina and the vertebral body. The flat plates of the lamina create the outer wall of the vertebral canal and help protect the spinal cord. The cylinder-shaped vertebral body is the weight-bearing structure of the vertebrae. Nerve roots are used to transmit information between the spinal cord and the other parts of the body, such as arms, legs and organs. The spinal cord has nerve pathways that carry signals, such as pain, from the arms, legs, and the body to the brain. The spine is made of many parts that protect the spinal cord, facilitate movement and support the body. If the spine is injured and unable to function properly, it can be
However, changes of spinal position can stress muscles and cause spinal deformity. Normal adult spines are positioned over the pelvis, so upright posture doesn't strain muscles. However, too much curvature may cause spinal imbalance, causing spinal conditions that may result in pain or loss of mobility. These spinal curves help maintain balance while upright and support the weight of the head and upper body. The thoracic spine has a kyphotic curve, which means that it curves outward. The neck and lumbar sections of the spine have a lordotic curve, which means that they curve inward. However, the spine does have some normal, gradual curves when viewed from the side. If the spine curves to one side or the other, this indicates a condition named scoliosis. The spine is normally a straight line when viewed from the back. The coccyx is at the very base of the spinal column and is made of four vertebrae that are fused together. The pelvis is connected to the spinal column at the sacrum section. It does not have discs separating the vertebrae, because its five levels, S1 to S5, are fused together. The sacrum is the section located at the base of the spine. The five lumbar vertebrae, labeled L1 to L5, are the main weight-bearing section of the spinal column.
The lumbar section is located between the thoracic vertebrae and the sacrum. The vertebrae in this section are labeled T1 to T12 and serve as attachments for the rib cage. The thoracic section of the spine is located at chest level, between the cervical and lumbar vertebrae. The cervical section is responsible for mobility and normal functioning of the neck, as well as protection of the spinal cord, arteries and nerves that travel from the brain to the body. The top two vertebrae are also know as the atlas and axis, which form the joint for connecting the skull The cervical section of the spine is made up of the top seven vertebrae in the spine, C1 to C7, and is connected to the base of the skull. The spine is composed of 33 bones, called vertebrae, divided into five sections: the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine sections, and the sacrum and coccyx bones.
These elements also provide sensations through the body via a complex interaction of the bones, ligamentsĪnd muscle structures of the back and the nerves that surround it. The spinal column and vertebrae are made of different elements, all of which protect the spinal cord while communicating with the brain. The spinal column also allows for upright posture, protection of the spinal cord and shock absorption. The spinal column is one of the most important parts of the body, as it makes many different functions possible, including Mazor Robotics Renaissance ™ Guidance System.
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